Anti-nuclear protesters’ successful incursion expose security failings at uranium plant

All operations remained suspended yesterday at the sole facility in the US for storing enriched uranium after the area was breached by three anti-nucl ear protesters, including an 82-year-old nun, exposing gaps in security provided by G4S, the same private company accused of bungling security arrangements for the Olympics.

After cutting through three fences around Y-12, a Second World War-era nuclear weapons complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the three activists, identified as Megan Rice, 82, Michael Wallis, 63 and Greg Boertje-Obed, 57, got as far as the outer wall of the uranium building and allegedly daubed it with slogans and splashed it with human blood.

A spokeswoman for WSI Oak Ridge, which is contracted by the Energy Department to keep intruders out of the highly sensitive complex, declined to respond to questions yesterday. The company is a subsidiary of the international security firm G4S which acknowledged shortly before the London Games that it had been unable to assemble sufficient numbers of staff to keep them safe, forcing the Government to deploy Army troops.

While the incursion has served once again to embarrass G4S, a spokesman for the Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance said that was not the original purpose of the successful protest. “It wasn’t so they could show how easy it was to bust into this bomb plant, it was because the production of nuclear weapons violates everything that is moral and good,” Ralph Hutchinson told Reuters. “It is a war crime.”

The three perpetrators, who seemingly wandered within the perimeter fences of Y-12 for two hours before reaching the key storage building, have been charged with “vandalism and criminal trespass”. They were due to appear before a judge in Tennessee later last night for a bail hearing. They are expected to face trial in early October.

All questions to WSI were being referred to Steve Wyatt, spokesman of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), which is part of the Energy Department. “We’re taking this very, very seriously,” he said, confirming that the trio had cut through two chain link fences on the edge of Y-12 and a third fence closer to the structure where they left the slogans known as the “Highly Enriched Uranium Materials Facility”.

…

Find this story at 4 August 2012

David Usborne

© independent.co.uk

A Russian spy ring busted in the U.S. two years ago planned to recruit members’ children to become agents, and one had already agreed to his parents’ request, according to current and former U.S. officials.

When the suspects were arrested in 2010 with much fanfare, official accounts suggested they were largely ineffectual. New details about their time in the U.S., however, suggest their work was more sophisticated and sometimes more successful than previously known.

One of them infiltrated a well-connected consulting firm with offices in Manhattan and Washington, D.C., by working as the company’s in-house computer expert, according to people familiar with the long-running U.S. investigation of the spy ring.

The effort to bring children into the family business suggests the ring was thinking long term: Children born or reared in America were potentially more valuable espionage assets than their parents because when they grew up they would be more likely to pass a U.S. government background check.
Cast of Characters in Russian Spy Ring

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A spokesman at the Russian embassy in Washington declined to comment. Officials in Moscow have previously acknowledged the spy ring but haven’t commented further. All the captured suspects eventually pleaded guilty to acting as secret agents for the Russian government.

Tim Foley was among the children most extensively groomed for a future spy career, officials say. Though he wasn’t American-born, his parents lived in the U.S. for more than a decade, under the assumed names Donald Heathfield and Tracey Foley. Mr. Foley was 20 when his parents were arrested and had just finished his sophomore year at George Washington University in the nation’s capital.

His parents revealed their double life to him well before their arrest, according to current and former officials, whose knowledge of the discussion was based on surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation that included bugging suspects’ homes. The officials said the parents also told their son they wanted him to follow in their footsteps.

He agreed, said the officials. At the end of the discussion with his parents, according to one person familiar with the surveillance, the young man stood up and saluted “Mother Russia.” He also agreed to travel to Russia to begin formal espionage training, officials said.

Officials wouldn’t say where or when the conversation between Mr. Foley and his parents took place or whether he made it to Russia before the spy group was arrested, though they said he eventually went there. Many details of the investigation remain classified.

Peter Krupp, a Boston lawyer, provided a statement from Tim Foley’s parents calling the U.S. officials’ accounts “crap.” The lawyer said it would have been too risky for the parents to reveal the operation to their son.

Mr. Krupp said that since the summer of the spy roundup, Mr. Foley—who wasn’t accused of any wrongdoing—has tried to return to the U.S., but unspecified obstacles have prevented him from doing so, and he remains in Russia. Efforts to find him there were unsuccessful. A lawyer who represented Mr. Foley’s mother during the U.S. case didn’t return calls seeking comment.

Based on their extensive surveillance of the secret agents and their messages to handlers back in Moscow, U.S. counterintelligence officials believe the grooming of Mr. Foley was part of a long-term goal for some of the group’s children to become spies when they got older.

At the time of their arrests, the spies had seven children ranging in age from 1 to 20, most U.S.-born, and one agent also had an older son from a relationship before she joined the espionage network. Anna Chapman, the spy who garnered the most attention because of her glamorous looks, didn’t have children.

Though U.S. officials believe the ring planned to recruit some members’ children, not every child was set along this path. One child, a teenager, was allowed to stay in the U.S. after his parents were arrested, and officials said the son isn’t viewed as a risk to national security. His father, who went by the name Juan Lazaro, wanted his son to become a concert pianist, according to a former colleague of the father. A lawyer for the family declined to comment.

Most members of the ring were what are known in espionage parlance as “illegals”—agents who go to a country using a false identity and without official cover such as a diplomatic position. If caught, illegals have to assume their home country won’t come to their rescue.

Ring members were trained agents of the SVR, a successor agency to the KGB, according to court documents filed by federal prosecutors in New York. U.S. authorities say they worked under the direction of SVR headquarters, known in the West as “Moscow Center.”

Besides the plans to recruit children, the new details about the spy ring show more about what its members were up to.

U.S. officials say one of them, Richard Murphy—whose real name was Vladimir Guryev—worked for several years as the in-house computer technician at a U.S. consultancy called the G7 Group, which advised clients on how government decisions might affect global markets. The firm’s experts included its chief executive, Jane Hartley, an active Democratic fundraiser, and Alan Blinder, a former Federal Reserve vice chairman.

The infiltration is further evidence the spying focused on economic secrets as well as military and political information.

Mr. Murphy came to the G7 Group through a temporary-help agency in the early 2000s and stayed about three years, according to Ms. Hartley, who said she eventually concluded he didn’t have the technical sophistication the firm required. She said she didn’t believe he used his position to steal information.

Mr. Blinder said he didn’t believe he knew or even had heard of Mr. Murphy. “My reaction, of course, is surprise. The G7 Group wasn’t the sort of place a Russian spy would find interesting,” said Mr. Blinder, who is a professor at Princeton University.

A lawyer who represented Mr. Murphy after his arrest said she wasn’t aware he had worked for a firm in Manhattan. After Mr. Murphy left the G7 Group, Ms. Hartley sold it, and many of its principals later reformed under a different name.

The spies’ false identities, also called “legends,” were good enough for them to get jobs and mortgages and start families in America, but they weren’t airtight. A background check for a job with the U.S. government or a government contractor might have exposed them. The spies were careful not to try to get too close to the heart of U.S. government, according to interviews and court documents.

Mr. Murphy spoke with an accent and didn’t socialize well with his co-workers, according to Ms. Hartley. Difficulties he had blending in at the G7 Group underscore the value agents’ children might have had to Moscow, being fully Americanized with flawless English.

One purpose of having such agents in the U.S. was to act as go-betweens for other operatives who might have been more closely monitored by U.S. counterintelligence, the current and former U.S. officials said.

“There was much more to this than just trying to make friends with important people,” said one official. “This was a very long-term operation.”

After the parents were arrested, the children became an important part of the negotiations between the Russian and U.S. governments.

The admitted secret agents were eventually flown to Austria, where, in a scene reminiscent of a Cold War spy drama, they were swapped on a Vienna airport tarmac for four men who had been imprisoned in Russia, most on charges of spying for the West.

Write to Devlin Barrett at devlin.barrett@wsj.com

Corrections & Amplifications
Peter Krupp, a lawyer for Russian spy known as Donald Heathfield, was relaying a statement from Mr. Heathfield and his wife on U.S. allegations that they had intended to recruit their son into the spy ring. An earlier version of this article attributed the statement that such allegations were “crap” directly to Mr. Krupp.

A Russian spy ring busted in the U.S. two years ago planned to recruit members’ children to become agents, and one had already agreed to his parents’ request, according to current and former U.S. officials.

When the suspects were arrested in 2010 with much fanfare, official accounts suggested they were largely ineffectual. New details about their time in the U.S., however, suggest their work was more sophisticated and sometimes more successful than previously known.

One of them infiltrated a well-connected consulting firm with offices in Manhattan and Washington, D.C., by working as the company’s in-house computer expert, according to people familiar with the long-running U.S. investigation of the spy ring.

The effort to bring children into the family business suggests the ring was thinking long term: Children born or reared in America were potentially more valuable espionage assets than their parents because when they grew up they would be more likely to pass a U.S. government background check.

A spokesman at the Russian embassy in Washington declined to comment. Officials in Moscow have previously acknowledged the spy ring but haven’t commented further. All the captured suspects eventually pleaded guilty to acting as secret agents for the Russian government.

Tim Foley was among the children most extensively groomed for a future spy career, officials say. Though he wasn’t American-born, his parents lived in the U.S. for more than a decade, under the assumed names Donald Heathfield and Tracey Foley. Mr. Foley was 20 when his parents were arrested and had just finished his sophomore year at George Washington University in the nation’s capital.

His parents revealed their double life to him well before their arrest, according to current and former officials, whose knowledge of the discussion was based on surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation that included bugging suspects’ homes. The officials said the parents also told their son they wanted him to follow in their footsteps.

He agreed, said the officials. At the end of the discussion with his parents, according to one person familiar with the surveillance, the young man stood up and saluted “Mother Russia.” He also agreed to travel to Russia to begin formal espionage training, officials said.

Officials wouldn’t say where or when the conversation between Mr. Foley and his parents took place or whether he made it to Russia before the spy group was arrested, though they said he eventually went there. Many details of the investigation remain classified.

Peter Krupp, a Boston lawyer, provided a statement from Tim Foley’s parents calling the U.S. officials’ accounts “crap.” The lawyer said it would have been too risky for the parents to reveal the operation to their son.

Mr. Krupp said that since the summer of the spy roundup, Mr. Foley—who wasn’t accused of any wrongdoing—has tried to return to the U.S., but unspecified obstacles have prevented him from doing so, and he remains in Russia. Efforts to find him there were unsuccessful. A lawyer who represented Mr. Foley’s mother during the U.S. case didn’t return calls seeking comment.

Based on their extensive surveillance of the secret agents and their messages to handlers back in Moscow, U.S. counterintelligence officials believe the grooming of Mr. Foley was part of a long-term goal for some of the group’s children to become spies when they got older.

At the time of their arrests, the spies had seven children ranging in age from 1 to 20, most U.S.-born, and one agent also had an older son from a relationship before she joined the espionage network. Anna Chapman, the spy who garnered the most attention because of her glamorous looks, didn’t have children.

Though U.S. officials believe the ring planned to recruit some members’ children, not every child was set along this path. One child, a teenager, was allowed to stay in the U.S. after his parents were arrested, and officials said the son isn’t viewed as a risk to national security. His father, who went by the name Juan Lazaro, wanted his son to become a concert pianist, according to a former colleague of the father. A lawyer for the family declined to comment.

Most members of the ring were what are known in espionage parlance as “illegals”—agents who go to a country using a false identity and without official cover such as a diplomatic position. If caught, illegals have to assume their home country won’t come to their rescue.

Ring members were trained agents of the SVR, a successor agency to the KGB, according to court documents filed by federal prosecutors in New York. U.S. authorities say they worked under the direction of SVR headquarters, known in the West as “Moscow Center.”

Besides the plans to recruit children, the new details about the spy ring show more about what its members were up to.

U.S. officials say one of them, Richard Murphy—whose real name was Vladimir Guryev—worked for several years as the in-house computer technician at a U.S. consultancy called the G7 Group, which advised clients on how government decisions might affect global markets. The firm’s experts included its chief executive, Jane Hartley, an active Democratic fundraiser, and Alan Blinder, a former Federal Reserve vice chairman.

The infiltration is further evidence the spying focused on economic secrets as well as military and political information.

Mr. Murphy came to the G7 Group through a temporary-help agency in the early 2000s and stayed about three years, according to Ms. Hartley, who said she eventually concluded he didn’t have the technical sophistication the firm required. She said she didn’t believe he used his position to steal information.

Mr. Blinder said he didn’t believe he knew or even had heard of Mr. Murphy. “My reaction, of course, is surprise. The G7 Group wasn’t the sort of place a Russian spy would find interesting,” said Mr. Blinder, who is a professor at Princeton University.

A lawyer who represented Mr. Murphy after his arrest said she wasn’t aware he had worked for a firm in Manhattan. After Mr. Murphy left the G7 Group, Ms. Hartley sold it, and many of its principals later reformed under a different name.

The spies’ false identities, also called “legends,” were good enough for them to get jobs and mortgages and start families in America, but they weren’t airtight. A background check for a job with the U.S. government or a government contractor might have exposed them. The spies were careful not to try to get too close to the heart of U.S. government, according to interviews and court documents.

…

Find this story at 26 July 2012

Write to Devlin Barrett at devlin.barrett@wsj.com

Corrections & Amplifications
Peter Krupp, a lawyer for Russian spy known as Donald Heathfield, was relaying a statement from Mr. Heathfield and his wife on U.S. allegations that they had intended to recruit their son into the spy ring. An earlier version of this article attributed the statement that such allegations were “crap” directly to Mr. Krupp.

Copyright ©2012 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Despite European Union sanctions against the repressive regime of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, German federal police were training his “experts” as late as last year. The training took place in Belarus just weeks after a crackdown on opposition protesters.

Accusations that German federal police had questionable ties to the despotic regime of Belarusian dictator Alexander Lukashenko were summarily dismissed by the head of the force last week. Now, new information has revealed that the rumors were actually true.

The suggestion was “complete nonsense,” said Matthias Seeger, the chief of the federal police, who has since been relieved of his duties for reasons that are unclear. According to Seeger, the federal police merely had contacts with the Belarusian border patrol, and only until two years ago.

But in a response to an inquiry into police operations abroad by the far-left Left Party, which has been seen by SPIEGEL, the German government has revealed that Seeger’s statements were false. As late as last year, the German federal police had not completely ended its training activities for the Lukashenko regime. It was still providing, at the very least, “instruction to Belarusian experts in the area of risk analysis,” according to the German government.

The timing of the training, which was conducted from Feb. 21 to Feb. 25, 2011, is particularly noteworthy. It took place just days after the beginning of show trials in Minsk against opposition members who had protested against questionable presidential election results that further consolidated Lukashenko’s power in December 2010.

…

Find this story at 8 June 2012

By Christian Neef

© SPIEGEL ONLINE 2012
All Rights Reserved
Reproduction only allowed with the permission of SPIEGELnet GmbH

Binnenland Het kabinet verwacht veel van een nieuw camerasysteem langs de grens. Ook al is de effectiviteit niet bewezen. Bovendien hebben privacy-experts grote bezwaren.

De grenzen in Europa verdwenen? Nee hoor, vanaf 1 januari zijn ze terug. Dan voert Nederland weer gewoon grenscontroles in langs de grenzen met Duitsland en België. En anders dan vóór het vrije verkeer van personen in Europa worden dan niet een paar, maar alle passerende voertuigen gecontroleerd.
Douanebeambte maakt plaats voor geavanceerde camera

Klinkt dat onwaarschijnlijk? Toch is het waar. Betekent dit weer files bij de grens? Nee, want de strenge douanebeambte is vervangen door een geavanceerde camera, gekoppeld aan de computers van de marechaussee. Wie in een gestolen auto rijdt of om een andere reden de belangstelling wekt van de militaire politie, wordt een paar kilometer na de grens alsnog aan de kant gezet.

@migo-boras is de mysterieuze naam van het cameranetwerk dat momenteel bij vijftien grensovergangen wordt ingericht. De automobilist die daar passeert, kan het digitale oog van de overheid straks niet meer ontlopen. Ook elders in Nederland groeit het aantal camera’s langs de snelwegen snel.

En behalve een oog krijgt de overheid ook een geheugen. Als het aan minister Opstelten (Veiligheid en Justitie, VVD) ligt, mogen de miljoenen foto’s die nu langs de snelwegen worden gemaakt, straks weken worden bewaard. Onduidelijk is nog of dat ook gaat gelden voor de beelden van de nieuwe grenscamera’s.
Marechaussee wil niets kwijt over grenscontrolesysteem

Net zo mysterieus als de naam @migo-boras is de houding van de Koninklijke Marechaussee die – twee maanden voordat de apparaten gaan flitsen – niet wil vertellen hoe het grenscontrolesysteem werkt. En wat is het doel van @migo-boras? Wie worden er aan de kant gezet en waarom? Wat gebeurt er precies met de foto’s? Op zijn vroegst eind december wordt hier openheid over geboden. Een weekje voor de daadwerkelijke invoering.

Documenten die met een beroep op de Wet openbaarheid van bestuur werden verkregen, bieden enige informatie. Bijvoorbeeld over die mysterieuze naam. @migo-boras staat voor ‘automatisch mobiel informatie gestuurd optreden – better operational result and advanced security’. Verder blijkt dat @migo-boras straks behalve het kenteken ook de zijkant van voertuigen fotografeert.

De techniek die nu al langs de snelwegen wordt gebruikt heet ANPR: automatic number plate recognition. Gefotografeerde nummerplaten worden in enkele seconden vergeleken met een lijst van voertuigen van verdachten; daarbij het kan ook gaan om mensen die nog een parkeerboete moeten betalen of wier apk is verlopen. Bij een treffer kan de wagen korte tijd later aan de kant worden gezet, als er tenminste politie in de buurt is.
Meer mogelijkheden als foto’s mogen worden bewaard

De mogelijkheden breiden zich uit als de foto’s straks mogen worden bewaard. Dan kan bijvoorbeeld worden gekeken of een verdachte op het moment van een misdrijf in de buurt reed. Nu mogen nog alleen foto’s worden opgeslagen die een ‘hit’ opleveren, de rest moet direct worden verwijderd.

Verder worden de kentekens van wagens die de grens passeren straks door allerlei databases gehaald, zo blijkt uit de opgevraagde documenten. Dan gaat het bijvoorbeeld om het kentekenregister van de Rijksdienst voor het Wegverkeer, of Nederlandse en Europese politie- en vreemdelingenregisters. De marechaussee krijgt zes SUV’s met camera’s die in de grensgebieden gaan rondrijden.
Europese Commissie onderzoekt of systeem in strijd is met Schengen

De Europese Commissie onderzoekt of het systeem in strijd is met het verdrag van Schengen, dat het mogelijk maakt zonder grenscontroles tussen landen te reizen. Maar ook privacydeskundigen hebben bezwaren. Politieagenten die in de database mogen zoeken, komen heel wat te weten over het gedrag van hun medeburgers. Bert Jaap Koops, hoogleraar regulering van technologie aan de Universiteit van Tilburg, is daar kritisch over: „Er moet goed worden geregeld dat alleen een beperkte groep opsporingsambtenaren toegang heeft en dat er alleen controleerbare zoekacties worden gedaan in het kader van een opsporingsonderzoek.” Hier kan het gemakkelijk misgaan. Zo bleek eerder dat pincodes die toegang geven tot een database waarin agenten kunnen opzoeken wie een dreig-tweet heeft verstuurd, ook rondgingen onder collega’s die niet in het bestand mochten.
CBP: opslaan kentekens rechtvaardigt inbreuk op persoonlijke levenssfeer burgers niet

Begin dit jaar oordeelde het College Bescherming Persoonsgegevens (CBP) dat het opslaan van kentekens niet zó onmisbaar is bij misdaadbestrijding dat het de „inbreuk op de persoonlijke levenssfeer van een groot aantal burgers” rechtvaardigt. Want het nut lijkt groot, maar is nog niet bewezen. Het college schrijft dat er nog maar weinig onderzoek is gedaan naar de effectiviteit van nummerplaatherkenning met ANPR bij het terugdringen van criminaliteit. Ook niet in de VS en Groot-Brittannië, waar al veel langer wordt gewerkt met dit systeem. En de paar buitenlandse onderzoeken waarin wel de vraag werd opgeworpen of ANPR criminaliteit als autodiefstal terugdringt, laten geen effect zien.
Opstelten komt ondanks kritiek met wetsvoorstel voor kentekenopslag

…

Find this story at 31 October 2012

door Wilmer Heck

© Copyright 2011. NRC Media. All rights reserved.

ENSCHEDE – De marechaussee gebruikt sinds gisteren ‘meedenkende’ camera’s om aan de grens bij De Lutte en de N35 in Enschede toezicht te houden op zaken als illegale migratie, witwaspraktijken, mensenhandel en identiteitsfraude.

Het camerasysteem selecteert op basis van risicoprofielen voertuigen die interessant zijn om te controleren.

…

Find this story at 2 August 2012

Copyright © 2012 Wegener Media

Swedish furniture giant Ikea is investigating claims that its factories East German political prisoners for labour during the 1970s and 1980s.

The claims, which will be aired on Swedish public television’s (SVT) Uppdrag Granskning programme on Wednesday, first emerged in a German television documentary aired on WDR in July 2011.

The world’s largest furniture retailer said it had previously investigated the claims when they were aired on WDR and found no evidence to support them, according to an Ikea statement released on Friday.

But on Saturday the company said it had requested documents from the former East German secret police or Stasi archives and is “interviewing people at Ikea who were around back then,” according to Ikea’s social and environmental manager Jeanette Skjelmose.

“So far there are no indications that we would have asked that prisoners be used in manufacturing or known about it,” she told the Swedish news agency TT.

“What we’re looking into now is whether it could have happened anyway, without our knowledge,” she said.

The show claims there is evidence to support the allegation that political prisoners were used. A reporter for the show found documents supporting the claim in the Stasi files, according to a trailer for the show on SVT’s website.

“After the German documentary, Ikea examined the issue to get a more complete picture of what happened. We have so far found no evidence to suggest that political prisoners were used in production,” the firm wrote in its Friday statement.

Ikea claimed in its statement that it takes the issue seriously and stated that regular inspections were made of the firm’s factories in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

“We were clear in our demands then as we are now,” the firm stated.

During the 1970s, Ikea developed a strong manufacturing presence in the GDR, establishing operations in 65 locations across the country to produce parts and furniture.

The 2011 WDR documentary detailed claims, citing Stasi documents, that Ikea had a thorough cooperation with the East German authorities.

The programme illustrated the example of one factory, where Ikea’s popular Klippan sofa was produced, and which was located beside a prison in Waldheim.

A former prison chief told WDR that prison labour was an expected part of furniture production.

Ikea, an unlisted, family-owned company, is the world’s largest furniture retailer, with sales of €25 billion in 2011 and 131,000 employees at the end of its last fiscal year in August 2011.

Find this story at 1 May 2012 

Published: 1 May 12 10:12 CET
Updated: 1 May 12 23:37 CET

AFP/The Local/mw

The notion that several children of the sleeper spies arrested in 2010 in the United States were groomed by Russian authorities to become foreign spies as adults is more evidence of the absurdity of the whole operation.

Tim Foley, 20, is the eldest son of Donald Heathfield and Tracey Foley, whose real names are Andrei Bezrukov and Yelena Vavilova. Tim became a problem for U.S. authorities from the outset of the spy scandal. He had already finished his sophomore year at George Washington University when his parents were arrested by U.S. authorities. Following the deportation of the Russian agents from the United States, Foley informed the university that he still planned to continue his studies there. But since Foley reportedly knew sensitive details about his parents’ activities, Russian authorities have not allowed him to return to the United States.

On July 31, The Wall Street Journal reported that the FBI had determined Tim Foley’s desire to serve Russia’s intelligence services after bugging the Foleys’ home. According to FBI officials, Tim’s parents told their son they wanted him to follow in their footsteps, after which Tim stood up and swore allegiance to “Mother Russia,” the Journal said.

As a result of this article, many journalists concluded that the Russian spies could have posed a greater threat to U.S. national security than was thought two years ago because their children grew up in that country and could better integrate into American life and one day infiltrate U.S. government agencies.

In 2010, the United States and Russia interpreted the spy scandal differently. Washington saw it as proof of the failure and backwardness of Russian intelligence, while Moscow claimed it was a proud achievement that it could infiltrate U.S. society. Russian leaders believed the Foreign Intelligence Service had finally restored the prestigious status that it lost after the end of the Cold War.

At the time, I explained to U.S. journalists that Russia’s secret operation was a complete failure. After all, the spies had been working undercover for years and had failed to obtain a single government secret. What’s more, the Russian side considered the operation a success only because the agents had managed to initially fool U.S. authorities with fake passports. But the agents did absolutely nothing of importance while in the United States, so their accomplishment of securing fake passports was negligible at best.

This notion that a spy operation is successful by simply establishing a physical presence in a foreign country was inherited by the Foreign Intelligence Service from its predecessor, the KGB. It is worth noting that the Foreign Intelligence Service is the only intelligence agency in Russia that was not subjected to post-Soviet reforms. It was simply spun off into a separate agency after the Soviet collapse. As a result, the agency kept all of the outdated traditions and practices of the KGB without understanding that they have no relevance to today’s environment.

One of the largest anachronisms of this Soviet legacy was the practice of sending Russian citizens to live in the West undercover. This emerged in the late 1940s when new secret agents were needed to replace a decreasing supply of Communist sympathizers in the West. In reality, the practice of using Communist sympathizers was never really successful anyway because they did not have professional intelligence backgrounds, nor did they have the social connections needed to secure sensitive government posts. Faced with a shortage of foreign agents, Russian intelligence came up with the idea of sending sleeper agents that Moscow hoped would be able to strike from within Western society at the needed moment — that is, if the Cold War turned hot.

Why has this outdated practice continued in Russia when almost every other country gave it up many years ago?

One of the biggest problems is that the Foreign Intelligence Service answers directly to President Vladimir Putin, not to the parliament or the public. It was therefore a relatively easy task to convince Putin of the wisdom of continuing the old tradition of supporting sleeper agents in foreign countries. What’s more, the opportunity to plant Russian agents in the United States appealed to Putin’s ongoing desire to outdo Russia’s former Cold War enemy any way he could. Still stuck in the past, Putin views this superpower rivalry much in the same way he wants Russian athletes to get more medals than the Americans at the Olympic Games.

…

Find this story at 08 August 2012

Andrei Soldatov is an intelligence analyst at Agentura.ru and co-author of “The New Nobility: The Restoration of Russia’s Security State” and “The Enduring Legacy of the KGB.”
© Copyright 2012. The Moscow Times. All rights reserved.

Afghan man who lost relatives in missile strike says UK role in supplying information to US military may be unlawful

Britain’s role in supplying information to an American military “kill list” in Afghanistan is being subjected to legal challenge amid growing international concern over targeted strikes against suspected insurgents and drug traffickers.

An Afghan man who lost five relatives in a missile strike started proceedings against the Serious Organised Crime Agency (Soca) and the Ministry of Defence demanding to know details of the UK’s participation “in the compilation, review and execution of the list and what form it takes”.

Legal letters sent to Soca and the MoD state the involvement of UK officials in these decisions “may give rise to criminal offences and thus be unlawful”. They say Britain’s contribution raises several concerns, particularly in cases where international humanitarian laws protecting civilians and non-combatants may have been broken.

“We need to know whether the rule of law is being followed and that safeguards are in place to prevent what could be clear breaches of international law,” said Rosa Curling from the solicitors Leigh Day & Co. “We have a family here that is desperate to know what happened, and to ensure this kind of thing never happens again.”

Targeting Taliban commanders in precision attacks has been an important part of Nato’s strategy in Afghanistan, and it has involved US, British and Afghan special forces, and the use of drones.

But who is put on the “kill list” and why remains a closely guarded secret – and has become a huge concern for human rights groups. They have questioned the legality of such operations and said civilians are often killed.

Soca refused to discuss its intelligence work, but the agency and the MoD said they worked “strictly within the bounds of international law”. Its role in the operation to compile a “kill list” was first explained in a report to the US Senate’s committee on foreign relations.

The report described how a new task force targeting drug traffickers, insurgents and corrupt officials was being set up at Kandahar air field in southern Afghanistan. “The unit will link the US and British military with the DEA [Drug Enforcement Agency], Britain’s Serious and Organised Crime Agency, and police and intelligence agencies from other countries.” The 31-page report from 2009 acknowledged the precise rules of engagement were classified.

But it said two generals in Afghanistan had explained they “have been interpreted to allow them to put drug traffickers with proven links to insurgency on a kill list, called the joint integrated prioritised target list”.

“The military places no restrictions on the use of force with these selected targets, which means they can be killed or captured on the battlefield,” the Senate report said. “It does not, however, authorise targeted assassinations away from the battlefield. The generals said standards for getting on the list require two verifiable human sources and substantial additional evidence.”

The legal challenge has been brought by an Afghan who believes his relatives were unlawfully killed in a case of mistaken identity during one “kill list” operation. A bank worker in Kabul, Habib Rahman lost two brothers, two uncles and his father-in-law in a US missile attack on their cars on 2 September 2010. They had been helping another member of the family who had been campaigning in Takhar province in northern Afghanistan in the runup to the country’s parliamentary elections. In total, 10 Afghans were killed and several others injured.

Rahman says most of those who died were election workers. But the attack was praised by Nato’s International Security and Assistance Force (Isaf) which said the target had been a man in the convoy called Muhammad Amin. The US accused him of being a Taliban commander and member of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and said the people who had been travelling with him had been insurgents.

A detailed study of the incident by the research group Afghanistan Analysts Network contradicted the official account, saying Isaf had killed Zabet Amanullah. Amin was tracked down after the incident and is still alive, said the study’s author, Kate Clark. “Even now, there does not seem to be any acknowledgment within the military that they may have got the wrong man,” she said. “It is really very bizarre. They think Amin and Amanullah are one and the same.”

Rahman’s lawyers acknowledge they do not know whether information provided by Britain contributed to this attack, but hope the legal challenge will force officials to be more open about the British contribution to the “kill list”.

The letters to Soca’s director general, Trevor Pearce, and the defence secretary, Philip Hammond, point to the Geneva conventions, which say that persons taking no active part in hostilities are protected from “violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds”.

They also draw on the International Committee of the Red Cross, which has said anyone accompanying an organised group who is not directly involved in hostilities “remains civilian assuming support functions”.

The legal letters, the first step towards seeking judicial review, say “drug traffickers who merely support the insurgency financially could not legitimately be included in the list” under these principles. The lawyers believe that, even if Isaf had targeted the right man, it may have been unlawful for others to have been killed in the missile strike.

“The general practice of international forces in Afghanistan and the experience of our client suggest that proximity to a listed target is, on its own, sufficient for an individual to be considered a legitimate target for attack. Such a policy would be unlawful under the international humanitarian law principles,” they say.

Curling said: “Ensuring the UK government and its agencies are operating within their legal obligations could not be more important. Our client’s case suggests the establishment and maintenance of the ‘killing list’ is not in line with the UK’s duties under international humanitarian law. Our client lost five of his relatives in an attack by the international military forces as a result of this list. It is important that the Ministry of Defence and Soca provide us with the reassurances sought.”

…

Find this story at 9 August 2012

Nick Hopkins
guardian.co.uk, Thursday 9 August 2012 19.56 BST

© 2012 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved.

DANBURY, Connecticut (AP) — For more than a decade they toiled in the strange, boxy-looking building on the hill above the municipal airport, the building with no windows (except in the cafeteria), the building filled with secrets.

They wore protective white jumpsuits, and had to walk through air-shower chambers before entering the sanitized “cleanroom” where the equipment was stored.

They spoke in code.

Few knew the true identity of “the customer” they met in a smoke-filled, wood-paneled conference room where the phone lines were scrambled. When they traveled, they sometimes used false names.

At one point in the 1970s there were more than 1,000 people in the Danbury area working on The Secret. And though they worked long hours under intense deadlines, sometimes missing family holidays and anniversaries, they could tell no one — not even their wives and children — what they did.

They were engineers, scientists, draftsmen and inventors — “real cloak-and-dagger guys,” says Fred Marra, 78, with a hearty laugh.

He is sitting in the food court at the Danbury Fair mall, where a group of retired co-workers from the former Perkin-Elmer Corp. gather for a weekly coffee. Gray-haired now and hard of hearing, they have been meeting here for 18 years. They while away a few hours nattering about golf and politics, ailments and grandchildren. But until recently, they were forbidden to speak about the greatest achievement of their professional lives.

“Ah, Hexagon,” Ed Newton says, gleefully exhaling the word that stills feels almost treasonous to utter in public.

It was dubbed “Big Bird” and it was considered the most successful space spy satellite program of the Cold War era. From 1971 to 1986 a total of 20 satellites were launched, each containing 60 miles (100 kilometers) of film and sophisticated cameras that orbited the earth snapping vast, panoramic photographs of the Soviet Union, China and other potential foes. The film was shot back through the earth’s atmosphere in buckets that parachuted over the Pacific Ocean, where C-130 Air Force planes snagged them with grappling hooks.

The scale, ambition and sheer ingenuity of Hexagon KH-9 was breathtaking. The fact that 19 out of 20 launches were successful (the final mission blew up because the booster rockets failed) is astonishing.

So too is the human tale of the 45-year-old secret that many took to their graves.

Hexagon was declassified in September. Finally Marra, Newton and others can tell the world what they worked on all those years at “the office.”

“My name is Al Gayhart and I built spy satellites for a living,” announced the 64-year-old retired engineer to the stunned bartender in his local tavern as soon as he learned of the declassification. He proudly repeats the line any chance he gets.

“It was intensely demanding, thrilling and the greatest experience of my life,” says Gayhart, who was hired straight from college and was one of the youngest members of the Hexagon “brotherhood”.

He describes the white-hot excitement as teams pored over hand-drawings and worked on endless technical problems, using “slide-rules and advanced degrees” (there were no computers), knowing they were part of such a complicated space project. The intensity would increase as launch deadlines loomed and on the days when “the customer” — the CIA and later the Air Force — came for briefings. On at least one occasion, former President George H.W. Bush, who was then CIA director, flew into Danbury for a tour of the plant.

Though other companies were part of the project — Eastman Kodak made the film and Lockheed Corp. built the satellites — the cameras and optics systems were all made at Perkin-Elmer, then the biggest employer in Danbury.

“There were many days we arrived in the dark and left in the dark,” says retired engineer Paul Brickmeier, 70.

He recalls the very first briefing on Hexagon after Perkin-Elmer was awarded the top secret contract in 1966. Looking around the room at his 30 or so colleagues, Brickmeier thought, “How on Earth is this going to be possible?”

One thing that made it possible was a hiring frenzy that attracted the attention of top engineers from around the Northeast. Perkin-Elmer also commissioned a new 270,000-square-foot (25,000-square-meter) building for Hexagon — the boxy one on the hill.

Waiting for clearance was a surreal experience as family members, neighbors and former employers were grilled by the FBI, and potential hires were questioned about everything from their gambling habits to their sexuality.

“They wanted to make sure we couldn’t be bribed,” Marra says.

Clearance could take up to a year. During that time, employees worked on relatively minor tasks in a building dubbed “the mushroom tank” — so named because everyone was in the dark about what they had actually been hired for.

Joseph Prusak, 76, spent six months in the tank. When he was finally briefed on Hexagon, Prusak, who had worked as an engineer on earlier civil space projects, wondered if he had made the biggest mistake of his life.

“I thought they were crazy,” he says. “They envisaged a satellite that was 60-foot (18-meter) long and 30,000 pounds (13,600 kilograms) and supplying film at speeds of 200 inches (500 centimeters) per second. The precision and complexity blew my mind.”

Several years later, after numerous successful launches, he was shown what Hexagon was capable of — an image of his own house in suburban Fairfield.

“This was light years before Google Earth,” Prusak said. “And we could clearly see the pool in my backyard.”

There had been earlier space spy satellites — Corona and Gambit. But neither had the resolution or sophistication of Hexagon, which took close-range pictures of Soviet missiles, submarine pens and air bases, even entire battalions on war exercises.

According to the National Reconnaissance Office, a single Hexagon frame covered a ground distance of 370 nautical miles (680 kilometers), about the distance from Washington to Cincinnati. Early Hexagons averaged 124 days in space, but as the satellites became more sophisticated, later missions lasted twice as long.

“At the height of the Cold War, our ability to receive this kind of technical intelligence was incredible,” says space historian Dwayne Day. “We needed to know what they were doing and where they were doing it, and in particular if they were preparing to invade Western Europe. Hexagon created a tremendous amount of stability because it meant American decision makers were not operating in the dark.”

Among other successes, Hexagon is credited with providing crucial information for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1970s.

From the outset, secrecy was a huge concern, especially in Danbury, where the intense activity of a relatively small company that had just been awarded a massive contract (the amount was not declassified) made it obvious that something big was going on. Inside the plant, it was impossible to disguise the gigantic vacuum thermal chamber where cameras were tested in extreme conditions that simulated space. There was also a “shake, rattle and roll room” to simulate conditions during launch.

“The question became, how do you hide an elephant?” a National Reconnaissance Office report stated at the time. It decided on a simple response: “What elephant?” Employees were told to ignore any questions from the media, and never confirm the slightest detail about what they worked on.

But it was impossible to conceal the launches at Vandenberg Air Force base in California, and aviation magazines made several references to “Big Bird.” In 1975, a piece on the TV news magazine “60 Minutes” on space reconnaissance described an “Alice in Wonderland” world, where American and Soviet intelligence officials knew of each other’s “eyes in the sky” — and other nations did, too — but no one confirmed the programs or spoke about them publicly.

For employees at Perkin-Elmer, the vow of secrecy was considered a mark of honor.

“We were like the guys who worked on the first atom bomb,” said Oscar Berendsohn, 87, who helped design the optics system. “It was more than a sworn oath. We had been entrusted with the security of the country. What greater trust is there?”

Even wives — who couldn’t contact their husbands or know of their whereabouts when they were traveling — for the most part accepted the secrecy. They knew the jobs were highly classified. They knew not to ask questions.

“We were born into the World War II generation,” says Linda Bronico, whose husband, Al, told her only that he was building test consoles and cables. “We all knew the slogan ‘loose lips sink ships.'”

And Perkin-Elmer was considered a prized place to work, with good salaries and benefits, golf and softball leagues, lavish summer picnics (the company would hire an entire amusement park for employees and their families) and dazzling children’s Christmas parties.

“We loved it,” Marra says. “It was our life.”

For Marra and his former co-workers, sharing that life and their long-held secret has unleashed a jumble of emotions, from pride to nostalgia to relief — and in some cases, grief.

The city’s mayor, Mark Boughton, only discovered that his father had worked on Hexagon when he was invited to speak at an October reunion ceremony on the grounds of the former plant. His father, Donald Boughton, also a former mayor, was too ill to attend and died a few days later.

Boughton said for years he and his siblings would pester his father — a draftsman — about what he did. Eventually they realized that the topic was off limits.

“Learning about Hexagon makes me view him completely differently,” Boughton says. “He was more than just my Dad with the hair-trigger temper and passionate opinions about everything. He was a Cold War warrior doing something incredibly important for our nation.”

For Betty Osterweis the ceremony was bittersweet, too. Not only did she learn about the mystery of her late husband’s professional life. She also learned about his final moments.

…

Find this story at 13 August 2012

Helen O’Neill is a New York-based national writer for The Associated Press. She can be reached at features(at)ap.org.

August 13, 2012
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First Posted: 12/25/11 07:31 PM ET Updated: 12/27/11 08:50 AM ET

This volume re-publishes The Hexagon Story as part of the Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance’s (CSNR) Classics series. The introductory information explains how this history of the Hexagon program focuses on the Air Force involvement with the program as it became operational and matured and contains limited discussion of the early Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) contributions to development of the program.

Find the story 10 August 2012 

See the pictures 10 August 2012 

Mit Spionagesatelliten kundschafteten die USA während des Kalten Krieges die Militärgeheimnisse des Gegners aus. Dann stürzte plötzlich eine Kapsel mit Überwachungsfotos in den Pazifik – und eine panische Rettungsaktion begann. 40 Jahre später hat der CIA die spektakulären Bilder der Operation freigegen. Neun Monate und mehr als 100.000 Dollar hatte die CIA investiert – und alles, was die Geheimdienstler schließlich in Händen hielten, war ein verwischtes Foto. Wer wollte, sah Puderzucker auf einem dunklen Tisch oder die ersten Schreibversuche eines Kindes. Nur ganz entfernt erinnerte das Foto an das, was es eigentlich war: ein Luftbild, fotografiert von einem Satelliten. Das Foto war von KH-9 Hexagon aufgenommen worden, einem Spionagesatelliten, den die USA am 15. Juni 1971 ins All geschickt hatten. Der unsichtbare Knipser war eine Hightech-Waffe im Kalten Krieg, mit ihm sollten die militärischen Geheimnisse der Sowjetunion festgehalten werden: Häfen, Werften, Flugplätze, Radaranlagen. Jedenfalls war das der Plan. KH-9 Hexagon war neben den beiden Kameras auch mit vier Kapseln ausgerüstet, die die hochauflösenden High-Definition-Aerial-Filme des Typs 1414 der Firma Eastman Kodak zurück zum Boden befördern sollten. Das Transportprinzip war so genial wie spektakulär: Die Kapseln lösten sich vom Satelliten und fielen Richtung Erde. Irgendwann öffnete sich ein Fallschirm, die Fotofracht wurde abgebremst und schließlich mitten in der Luft von einer Militärmaschine eingesammelt. Doch schon bei der ersten Mission von KH-9 kam es am 10. Juli 1971 zu einer verhängnisvollen Panne: Der Fallschirm öffnete sich nicht. Statt eingefangen zu werden, stürzte die Kapsel mit der Bezeichnung RV 1201-3 bei Hawaii in den Pazifik. Wenig später begannen CIA, der Militärnachrichtendienst NRO und die US Navy mit der Suche nach dem versunkenen Schatz. Doch warum dauerte die Bergung fast neun Monate? Und was passierte genau in jener Zeit? Die CIA hat nach 40 Jahren jetzt Akten freigegeben, die einen seltenen Einblick in die Arbeit des Geheimdienstes bieten – und spektakuläre Fotos einer Mission zeigen, die beinahe gescheitert wäre. Auffällige Luftblasen In einem internen Geheimdienst-Memo vom Tag des Unfalls wird zunächst von einem Helikopter berichtet, der den Bremsfallschirm gesichtet habe. Und: Militärmaschinen hätten Funksignale der Kapsel empfangen – doch schon im nächsten Telegramm folgt die Ernüchterung: Die Funksignale stammen nicht von der Kapsel, sondern von einem Flugzeug. Die Suche an der mutmaßlichen Aufprallstelle wird ergebnislos abgebrochen. Während die Fotokapseln RV 1 und 2 sicher aufgenommen wurden, fehlt von Nummer 3 zunächst jede Spur. Erst die Meldung einer Militärmaschine über auffallend viele Luftblasen auf dem Ozean bringt eine erste Spur. Schließlich können die Koordinaten der Absturzstelle ungefähr festgestellt werden: 24 Grad 50 Minuten nördliche Breite. 164 Grad 0 Minuten westliche Länge. Zwei Wochen sind seit der Panne vergangen. Weitere zwei Wochen später steht ein grober Rettungsplan. In einem Memo an den Direktor des Militärnachrichtendienstes wird das Vermessungsschiff “USNS DeSteiguer” genannt, das in der Lage sei, “ein Suchgerät mehr als 20.000 Fuß in die Tiefe zu lassen.” Die Suche durchführen soll ein Expertenteam des Marine-Physik-Labors MPL – für die Bergung fällt in dem Memo der Name des Hightech-Tauchboots “Trieste II”, das seit 1964 für die Marine im Einsatz ist. Bergung in 5000 Metern Tiefe Vier Tage Suchzeit plant das NRO für die “DeSteiguer” ein, unmittelbar danach soll das bemannte Tauchboot den wertvollen Geheimnisträger sichern. Beginnen soll das Unternehmen am 1. Oktober 1971. Doch auch dieses Datum ist bald Makulatur. Erst im Dezember geht die “Trieste II” auf Tauchfahrt, sichtet die Kapsel – und kann doch nicht bergen. Stürme mit 40 bis 50 Knoten und mehr als vier Meter hohe Wellen peitschen über den Pazifik. Die Bergung der so wichtigen Fotokapsel hat fast schon komische Züge angenommen, als die Sicherung von RV 3 schließlich auf März 1972 verschoben wird. Grund dafür ist nicht das Wetter, sondern die anstehende Nachfolge-Satellitenmission “1202”. Wegen der seien auch die Druck-Kapazitäten beim Kooperationspartner Eastman Kodak “bis Februar 1972 belegt”, heißt es in einem Geheimschreiben vom Dezember 1971. Kodak hätte also ohnehin keine Zeit für die Fotos der versunkenen Kapsel. …

Find this story at 13 August 2012 Eingereicht von: Christian Gödecke © SPIEGEL ONLINE 2008 Alle Rechte vorbehalten Vervielfältigung nur mit Genehmigung der SPIEGELnet GmbH

BOSTON — More than 30 federal officers in an airport program intended to spot telltale mannerisms of potential terrorists say the operation has become a magnet for racial profiling, targeting not only Middle Easterners but also blacks, Hispanics and other minorities.

In interviews and internal complaints, officers from the Transportation Security Administration’s “behavior detection” program at Logan International Airport in Boston asserted that passengers who fit certain profiles — Hispanics traveling to Miami, for instance, or blacks wearing baseball caps backward — are much more likely to be stopped, searched and questioned for “suspicious” behavior.

“They just pull aside anyone who they don’t like the way they look — if they are black and have expensive clothes or jewelry, or if they are Hispanic,” said one white officer, who along with four others spoke with The New York Times on the condition of anonymity.

The T.S.A. said on Friday that it had opened an investigation into the claims.

While the Obama administration has attacked the use of racial and ethnic profiling in Arizona and elsewhere, the claims by the Boston officers now put the agency and the administration in the awkward position of defending themselves against charges of profiling in a program billed as a model for airports nationwide.

At a meeting last month with T.S.A. officials, officers at Logan provided written complaints about profiling from 32 officers, some of whom wrote anonymously. Officers said managers’ demands for high numbers of stops, searches and criminal referrals had led co-workers to target minorities in the belief that those stops were more likely to yield drugs, outstanding arrest warrants or immigration problems.

The practice has become so prevalent, some officers said, that Massachusetts State Police officials have asked why minority members appear to make up an overwhelming number of the cases that the airport refers to them.

“The behavior detection program is no longer a behavior-based program, but it is a racial profiling program,” one officer wrote in an anonymous complaint obtained by The Times.

A T.S.A. spokesman said agency inspectors recently learned of the racial profiling claims in Boston. “If any of these claims prove accurate, we will take immediate and decisive action to ensure there are consequences to such activity,” the statement said.

The agency emphasized that the behavior detection program “in no way encourages or tolerates profiling” and bans singling out passengers based on nationality, race, ethnicity or religion.

It is unusual for transportation agency employees to come forward with this kind of claim against co-workers, and the large number of employees bringing complaints in Boston could prove particularly damaging for an agency already buffeted with criticism over pat-downs, X-ray scans and other security measures.

Reports of profiling emerged last year at the behavior programs at the Newark and Hawaii airports, but in much smaller numbers than those described in Boston.

The complaints from the Logan officers carry nationwide implications because Boston is the testing ground for an expanded use of behavioral detection methods at airports around the country.

While 161 airports already use behavioral officers to identify possible terrorist activity — a controversial tactic — the agency is considering expanding the use of what it says are more advanced tactics nationwide, with Boston’s program as a model.

The program in place in Boston uses specially trained behavioral “assessors” not only to scan the lines of passengers for unusual activity, but also to speak individually with each passenger and gauge their reactions while asking about their trip or for other information.

The assessors look for inconsistencies in the answers and other signs of unusual behavior, like avoiding eye contact, sweating or fidgeting, officials said. A passenger considered to be acting suspiciously can be pulled from the line and subjected to more intensive questioning.

That is what happened last month at Logan airport to Kenneth Boatner, 68, a psychologist and educational consultant in Boston who was traveling to Atlanta for a business trip.

In a formal complaint he filed with the agency afterward, he said he was pulled out of line and detained for 29 minutes as agents thumbed through his checkbook and examined his clients’ clinical notes, his cellphone and other belongings.

The officers gave no explanation, but Dr. Boatner, who is black, said he suspected the reason he was stopped was his race and appearance. He was wearing sweat pants, a white T-shirt and high-top sneakers.

He said he felt humiliated. “I had never been subjected to anything like that,” he said in an interview.

Officers in Boston acknowledged that they had no firm data on how frequently minority members were stopped. But based on their own observations, several officers estimated that they accounted for as many as 80 percent of passengers searched during certain shifts.

The officers identified nearly two dozen co-workers who they said consistently focused on stopping minority members in response to pressure from managers to meet certain threshold numbers for referrals to the State Police, federal immigration officials or other agencies.

The stops were seen as a way of padding the program’s numbers and demonstrating to Washington policy makers that the behavior program was producing results, several officers said.

Instead, the officers said, profiling undermined the usefulness of the program. Focusing on minority members, said a second officer who was interviewed by The Times, “takes officers away from the real threat, and we could miss a terrorist we are looking for.”

Some Boston officers went to the American Civil Liberties Union with their complaints of profiling, and Sarah Wunsch, a lawyer in the group’s Boston office, interviewed eight officers.

“Selecting people based on race or ethnicity was a way of finding easy marks,” she said. “It was a notch in your belt.”

The transportation agency said it did not collect information on the race or ethnicity of travelers and could not provide such a breakdown of passengers stopped through the behavior program.

But the agency defended the program’s overall value. Behavior detection “is clearly an effective means of identifying people engaged in activity that may threaten the security of the passengers and the airports and has become a very effective intelligence tool, enabling law enforcement to bust larger operations and track any trends in nefarious activity,” the agency said in its statement.

“In addition, the deterrent value of the program can’t be overstated,” it said. Monitoring passengers’ behavior “adds another layer of security to the airport environment and presents the terrorists with yet one more challenge they need to overcome” in their efforts to defeat airport security measures, the agency said.

But government analysts and some researchers say the idea of spotting possible terrorists from their behavior in a security line relies on dubious science.

A critical assessment of the program in 2010 by the Government Accountability Office noted that aviation officials began the behavior program in 2003, in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks, without first determining if it had a scientific basis.

Nine years later, this question remains largely unanswered, even as the agency moves to expand the program, the accountability office said in a follow-up report last year. It said that until the agency is able to better study and document the validity of the science, Congress might consider freezing tens of millions of dollars budgeted for the program’s growth.

Based on past research, the accountability office said the link between a person’s behavior and mental state is strongest in reading “simple emotions” like happiness and sadness.

…

Read this article at 11 August 2012

August 11, 2012

By MICHAEL S. SCHMIDT and ERIC LICHTBLAU

© 2012 The New York Times Company

Sieben Monate lang hortete das sächsische Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz Geheimakten – ohne dass ein Verantwortlicher davon erfuhr. Das hat jetzt den Präsidenten der Behörde, Reinhard Boos, zum Rücktritt gezwungen. Er ist der dritte hochrangige Verfassungsschützer, den die NSU-Affäre das Amt kostet.

Seine Ladung für eine Anhörung im Untersuchungsausschuss des Sächsischen Landtags zum “Nationalsozialistischen Untergrund” (NSU) war längst beantragt: Jetzt gewinnt der für September geplante Auftritt von Reinhard Boos vor dem Gremium besondere Brisanz. Sachsens Innenminister Markus Ulbig (CDU) gab am Mittwoch vor dem Landtag in Dresden bekannt, dass Boos um 23 Uhr am Abend zuvor von seinem Amt des Präsidenten des sächsischen Landesamtes für Verfassungsschutz (LfV) zurückgetreten sei.

Es ist der dritte Rücktritt eines Verfassungsschutzchefs im Zusammenhang mit dem Neonazi-Terror: Zuvor musste Heinz Fromm, Präsident des Bundesamtes für Verfassungsschutz, gehen. Thüringen schickte seinen Verfassungsschutzchef Thomas Sippel in den vorläufigen Ruhestand. Nordrhein-Westfalens Verfassungsschutzchefin Mathilde Koller hatte aus persönlichen Gründen, wie sie sagte, um ihre Versetzung in den Ruhestand gebeten.

Es gehe um eklatantes Fehlverhalten einzelner Mitarbeiter des sächsischen Verfassungsschutzes, sagte Ulbig. Und um einen “überaus peinlichen Vorgang”, wie es die SPD-Innenexpertin Sabine Friedel formulierte.

Seit sieben Monaten läuft die Aufklärung eines beispiellosen Verbrechens in Deutschland – rechtsextremistische Terroristen haben zehn Menschen getötet – und der Verfassungsschutz in Dresden hortete offenbar Geheimakten, die für die Aufklärung dringend notwendig sein können.

Erst jetzt seien Protokolle des Bundesamtes für Verfassungsschutz zu einer Überwachung von Ende 1998 aufgetaucht, sagte Ulbig – Unterlagen zum rechtsterroristischen NSU-Komplex also, die längst als verloren galten und nicht in die parlamentarische Kontrolle miteinbezogen wurden. Es geht um Protokolle einer Telefonüberwachung, die das Landesamt im Auftrag des Bundesamtes angefertigt hat. Gerüchten zufolge soll es sich um Akten handeln, die das Bundesamt bereits geschreddert hat.

Was genau in den Protokollen festgehalten wurde, ist noch unklar. Die Telefonüberwachung selbst sei zwar in Berichten an die Parlamentarische Kontrollkommission (PKK) Sachsens berücksichtigt worden. Neu sei aber, dass im Landesamt noch Protokolle dieser Überwachung existierten, hieß es.

Welche Brisanz haben die Akten? “Schwer zu sagen – immerhin lösen sie den Rücktritt des Präsidenten aus”, sagt Kerstin Köditz, Landtagsabgeordnete der Linken. Man könnte meinen, der Fund der Akten sei positiv: Die aufgetauchten Informationen könnten die Arbeit der Untersuchungsausschüsse und die NSU-Ermittlungen insgesamt voranbringen. Wäre dies der Fall, bleibt die Frage, warum Boos dennoch umgehend zurücktrat. Nur weil seine Behörde Unterlagen zurückhielt? Unter Abgeordneten hält sich der Verdacht, es könnten noch größere Versäumnisse dahinterstecken.

Gegen Mitarbeiter des sächsischen Verfassungsschutzes seien unverzüglich disziplinarische Schritte eingeleitet worden, sagte Ulbig, der wiederholt beteuert hatte, dass Sachsen alle Dokumente veröffentlicht habe.

Bauernopfer Boos

Somit kann man Boos auch als Bauernopfer sehen. Dieser bedaure diesen Vorfall zutiefst und sei tief enttäuscht, berichtete der Minister. Unter diesen Umständen könne er das Amt nicht mehr mit dem gebotenen Vertrauen weiter führen, habe Boos ihm gesagt. Ulbig betonte aber, dass Boos als Präsident des LfV die Aufklärung zum Fallkomplex NSU “von Beginn an unterstützt und sein Ehrenwort für eine umfassende Aufklärung” gegeben habe.

Boos, 55, geboren in Iserlohn, ist seit August 1992 in Sachsen im Öffentlichen Dienst. Von 1999 bis 2002 war er schon einmal Präsident des sächsischen Verfassungsschutzes, wechselte dann ins Dresdner Innenministerium, 2007 kehrte er als Präsident des LfV zurück. Vor wenigen Wochen hatte er einem Journalisten auf die Frage, ob er sich nach den Abgängen seiner Amtskollegen im Bund und in Thüringen einsam fühle, geantwortet: “Wie ich mich fühle? Wunderbar.”

Anfang Juli – mitten in der Debatte um das Versagen deutscher Sicherheitsbehörden im Fall des NSU-Terrortrios – hatte sich Innenminister Ulbig bei der Präsentation des Jahresberichts 2011 noch hinter seinen Verfassungsschutzchef gestellt – und erneut dem Verfassungsschutz des Nachbarlandes Thüringen die Schuld in die Schuhe geschoben. Dieser habe bei der Zielfahndung nach den Rechtsterroristen die Federführung innegehabt, nicht die Sachsen. Den einzigen Vorwurf, den Ulbig damals gelten ließ: Man habe sich auf die Kollegen verlassen – und das leider unkritisch.

Immer wieder hatte Boos beteuert, dass seine Behörde keine Erkenntnisse im Ermittlungsverfahren gegen die Zwickauer Terrorzelle zurückgehalten habe, alle Anfragen des Bundeskriminalamtes (BKA) seien “umfassend beantwortet worden”. Diese Fragen bezogen sich auf André E., der nach Aufdeckung der NSU-Morde am 24. November kurzzeitig festgenommen worden war.

“Ein überaus peinlicher Vorgang”

Es gab Gerüchte, dass der sächsische Verfassungsschutz einen Informanten geschützt habe, Boos dementierte vehement. Weder André E. noch weiter im Ermittlungsverfahren beschuldigte Personen seien V-Männer oder Informanten des Landesamtes in Sachsen gewesen. André E. sei dem Amt lediglich als Teilnehmer eines rechtsextremen Konzerts im Mai 2011 in Mecklenburg bekannt gewesen, mehr Angaben zu ihm habe man nicht.

Tatsächlich aber gilt André E. aus Johanngeorgenstadt als wichtige Figur in der sächsischen Neonazi-Szene, sein Zwillingsbruder Maik taucht im brandenburgischen Verfassungsschutzbericht von 2010 als “Stützpunkt”-Vertreter der NPD-Jugendorganisation auf.

Beide galten in der Szene als gefährlich und gewaltbereit. In den Resten des abgebrannten Wohnmobils der NSU-Zelle fanden Ermittler BahnCards auf André E.s Namen und den seiner Frau Susann, die von Beate Zschäpe und Uwe Böhnhardt benutzt und von E. selbst bezahlt worden sein sollen. Laut “Berliner Zeitung” soll der Verfassungsschutz dreimal versucht haben, André E. als V-Mann anzuwerben.

“Der ganze Vorgang beweist, dass Sachsen sieben Monate lang keine wirkliche Aufklärung betrieben hat, und diese Akten nicht in die Untersuchung miteinbezogen wurden”, sagt SPD-Innenexpertin Friedel.

…

Find this story at 11 July 2012

11. Juli 2012, 15:30 Uhr

Von Julia Jüttner

© SPIEGEL ONLINE 2012
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Vervielfältigung nur mit Genehmigung der SPIEGELnet GmbH

Seine Aussagen lassen erahnen, wie anstrengend Helmut Roewer sein kann. Der Ex-Chef des Thüringer Verfassungsschutzes lobt sich vor dem Neonazi-Untersuchungsausschuss in den höchsten Tönen, gibt sich bockig, will von Fehlern nichts wissen. Ex-Mitarbeiter sprechen von “menschenverachtendem” Umgang.

Helmut Roewer trägt himbeerrote Schuhe. Und wenn man seinen ehemaligen Untergebenen Glauben schenken mag, kann man froh sein, dass er überhaupt welche trägt, als er am Montag im Untersuchungsausschuss des Thüringer Landtags zum “Nationalsozialistischen Untergrund” (NSU) in Erfurt den Saal betritt.

Mehr als sieben Stunden lang hatten zuvor zwei ehemalige Verfassungsschützer Einblick in das Chaos gegeben, über das Roewer in seiner Zeit als Präsident des Landesamtes für Verfassungsschutz (LfV) herrschte. Roewer war von 1994 bis 2000 Chef der Behörde, dann wurde er wegen einer Reihe von Affären suspendiert.

Wie ein “balzender Auerhahn” habe Roewer eines Abends in seinem Büro mit sechs Mitarbeiterinnen an drei zusammengeschobenen Schreibtischen gesessen, die Jalousien unten, bei Kerzenschein, Rotwein und Käse, berichtet Karl Friedrich Schrader, einst Referatsleiter 22, Abteilung Rechtsextremismus. “Sie lachen darüber”, ruft Schrader den Landtagsabgeordneten zu, “heute lache ich auch darüber, aber damals war das nicht zum Lachen!”

Schrader, 67, ist ein braungebrannter, redseliger Mann mit schneeweißem Schnauzer, dunklen Augenbrauen und Janker. 37 Jahre lang war er bei der Polizei, als Roewer ihn zum Verfassungsschutz holte, ihn neben dem Referatsleiter zum Personalratsvorsitzenden machte, und ihm versprach, er könne dort vor der Rente noch einmal richtig Karriere machen. So erzählt es Schrader vor dem Untersuchungsausschuss. Die Zusammenarbeit der beiden endete mit einem Hausverbot für Schrader, der inzwischen zwei Monate im Jahr als Jäger- und Farmverwalter in Namibia weilt.

Beschwerden über Roewers Führungsstil

Schrader beschreibt Roewer als unberechenbaren Vorgesetzten, der in “menschenverachtender Form” über seine Mitarbeiter geherrscht habe. Er selbst sei aus dem Urlaub zurückgekehrt und seine Stelle war gestrichen. Wenn es Ärger mit einem Referatsleiter gegeben habe, habe Roewer das Referat aufgelöst und Kritik mit demselben Satz abgebügelt: “Ich führe das Amt!”

Es sei auch vorgekommen, dass Roewer ihn empfangen habe, die nackten Füße auf dem Tisch, verdreckt vom Barfußlaufen, sagt Schrader. Ein anderes Mal sei Roewer mit dem Fahrrad durch den sechsten Stock geradelt. “Da dachte man: In welchem Laden arbeitet man da?”

Wie anstrengend Roewer sein kann, kann man erahnen, als er am Montag um halb sieben vor den Untersuchungsausschuss tritt. Er ist der wichtigste Zeuge. Ein schmächtiges Männchen, die dunklen Haare über die Glatze am Hinterkopf gekämmt. Mehr als vier Stunden hat er auf seine Befragung warten müssen, die Stimmung ist entsprechend. Trotz mürrischer Miene wirkt es so, als würde er das Blitzlichtgewitter und die Aufmerksamkeit der vielen Kameras genießen.

Er sei 63 Jahre alt, ledig, Schriftsteller und wohne in Weimar, sagt Roewer. Und ihm wäre es lieb, wenn man ihm Fragen stellen würde, auf einen abendfüllenden Vortrag sei er nämlich nicht vorbereitet. Klare Ansage. Und das ist auch schon die längste Passage, die Roewer am Stück spricht, meist gibt er Ein-Wort-Antworten. Seine bockige, widerspenstige Art bei der Anhörung verlangt den Befragern, aber auch den Zuschauern reichlich Geduld ab. Es geht konkret um den Zeitraum zwischen 1994 und 1998, also bevor die Neonazis Uwe Böhnhardt, Uwe Mundlos und Beate Zschäpe in den Untergrund abtauchten. Die Zeit nach 1998 wird der Ausschuss im Herbst bearbeiten.

“Ich galt als Spitzenkraft. So ist das”

Der Rechtsextremismus war bereits ein Problem, als Roewer im April 1994 vom Bundesinnenministerium in Bonn nach Thüringen kam. Und noch mehr das Amt selbst. Keine einzige Person dort habe die erforderlichen Voraussetzungen erfüllt – “außer mir”, behauptet Roewer. Es ist eine gnadenlose Abrechnung mit seinen ehemaligen Mitarbeitern. “Ein Teil wurde fortgebildet, der andere Teil war nicht fortbildungsfähig. Das waren die hartnäckigsten. Denn gute Leute finden immer einen Job, dumme nicht.”

Eine Weisheit folgt auf die andere. Er habe nach Anweisung des Innenministeriums das Amt neu strukturieren müssen, sagt er. “Aber gute Leute können in jeder Gliederung arbeiten, nicht so gute in keiner.” Sich selbst lobt Roewer in höchsten Tönen. “Ich hatte Erfahrung auf dem Gebiet des Verfassungsschutzes, ich galt als Spitzenkraft. So ist das.”

Von Versäumnissen, Fehlern, Pannen will der ehemalige Präsident des Thüringer Verfassungsschutzes nichts hören. Den Verdacht, seine Behörde habe damals V-Leute vor Polizeimaßnahmen gewarnt, weist er empört von sich. Dabei war es ausgerechnet Tino Brandt, ein angeblich von Roewer angeworbener V-Mann, der bei einer Durchsuchung um 6 Uhr morgens die Beamten erwartete – mit einem Computer, bei dem gerade die Festplatte ausgebaut worden war, wie die Ausschussvorsitzende Dorothea Marx (SPD) ihm vorhält.

V-Mann mit Narrenfreiheit

Immer wieder landet das Gremium bei Brandt, der in den Akten als V-Mann 2045, Deckname “Otto”, geführt wird: Er war der wichtigste V-Mann, den der Thüringer Verfassungsschutz damals in der Szene hatte, wenn nicht sogar der einzige. Ein weiterer ehemaliger Verfassungsschützer, Norbert Wiesner, berichtet am Montag von den Schwierigkeiten beim Anwerben von Spitzeln, meist sei die Zusammenarbeit an der Unzuverlässigkeit der potentiellen Kandidaten gescheitert. Gerade im Skinhead-Bereich habe man fortwährend das gleiche Problem gehabt: “Die besaufen sich und können sich dann am nächsten Tag an nichts mehr erinnern.”

Brandt, der Neonazi aus Rudolstadt, genoss Narrenfreiheit unter Roewer. Mehrfach sei er massiv darauf hingewiesen worden, sein Engagement bei der NPD herunterzufahren, berichtet am Montag Wiesner. Brandt aber ignorierte die Ansagen.

Im Gegenteil: Nach seiner Enttarnung prahlte er damit, wie er die Behörde ausgetrickst und mit den 100.000 Euro, die er kassiert hatte, die Szene aufbaute. Vor dem Neonazi-Ausschuss in Erfurt erklärt Wiesner, Brandt habe ständig neue Handys und Computer gefordert und Ersatz für die Autos, die er zu Schrott fuhr.

Über Brandt reden alle an diesem Montag – nur Roewer nicht. Die Behörde habe 1994 “überhaupt nicht” über eigene Erkenntnisse verfügt, sagt er stattdessen. Um dies abzustellen, habe man ihn geholt. “Eine führungsstarke und durchsetzungskräftige Persönlichkeit war gesucht – ich.” An Selbstbewusstsein fehlt es dem kleinen Mann nicht im Geringsten, stolz betet er seine Vita herunter, spricht von “sehr guten Noten” im ersten und zweiten Jura-Staatsexamen.

Amnesie-Schub bei Roewer

Kurz nach Roewers Dienstantritt in Erfurt kam es zum Buchenwald-Skandal: Böhnhardt und Mundlos marschierten in braunen SA-Uniformen durch die Gedenkstätte. Niemand ahnte damals, dass die beiden in den folgenden Jahren neun Migranten und eine Polizistin töten werden, eine beispiellose Mordserie in der Geschichte Deutschlands.

Umso schlimmer, dass Roewer – wenn es stimmt, was er sagt – die Situation damals richtig einschätzte: Er sieht die Anti-Antifa als Zentrum der rechtsextremen Bewegung, die Gründung des Thüringer Heimatschutzes (THS) beobachtet er argwöhnisch, hält sie für “die militanteste Organisation von allen Kameradschaften in Thüringen”, wie er am Montag behauptet. Erst recht, weil THS-Mitglieder die NPD unterwandern. Er habe sich im Mai 2000 für ein Verbot des Heimatschutzes eingesetzt, sagt er, angeblich vergeblich.

Befragt zur “Operation Rennsteig”, bei der das Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz ab 1997 gemeinsam mit den Thüringer Kollegen zwölf V-Leute im THS gewinnen konnte, befällt Roewer ein Amnesie-Schub. “Ich habe keine konkreten Erinnerungen”, redet er sich heraus. Auch an den ominösen V-Mann Günther, den keiner in der Behörde kannte außer ihm und der 40.800 Mark kassierte, will sich Roewer nicht wirklich erinnern.

Roewers Auftritt am Montag ist mühselig: Wie er sich feiert und auf Erinnerungslücken beruft, wenn ihn die beiden Linken-Abgeordneten Martina Renner und Katharina König in die Mangel nehmen. Candle-Light-Dinner und Radausflüge im Büro streitet er ebenso ab wie willkürliche Personalentscheidungen. Wer lügt? “Einer sagt die Unwahrheit”, konstatiert König und beantragt Vereidigung.

…

Find this story at 10 July 2012

10. Juli 2012, 07:28 Uhr

Von Julia Jüttner, Erfurt

© SPIEGEL ONLINE 2012
Alle Rechte vorbehalten
Vervielfältigung nur mit Genehmigung der SPIEGELnet GmbH

A scandal over a botched probe of ten murders blamed on German neo-Nazis felled the third top official this month as the head of a state intelligence service stepped down Wednesday.
Mystery deepens – did agent aid murder? – National (5 Jul 12)
File shredding scandal leads to security reform – National (4 Jul 12)
Intelligence chief resigns over mistakes – National (2 Jul 12)

Reinhard Boos, the head of the secret service bureau in the eastern state of Saxony, resigned in an affair that last week claimed Germany’s domestic intelligence chief after his office admitted to shredding key files.

Heinz Fromm, president of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV), resigned last week after 12 years in charge while the leader of Thuringia’ bureau, Thomas Sippel, was also dismissed.

The Thuringia bureau has been branded the “chaos office” by German media this week, following testimony from Sippel’s predecessor Helmut Roewer, who was reportedly prone to revealing confidential information in his office during impromptu wine and cheese parties.

A colleague also testified that during his tenure from 1994 to 2000, Roewer wandered around the office barefoot, chatted about top secret sources in the kitchen, and once rode a bike around the sixth floor of the building.

Roewer himself testified he was too drunk to remember who handed him the envelope that contained his own appointment in 1994.

Roewer was still in charge when the neo-Nazi terror trio Uwe Mundlos, Uwe Böhnhardt und Beate Zschäpe disappeared in the late 1990s before their murder series began.

Saxony’s Interior Minister Markus Ulbig said that the state security services had only recently learned that they had transcripts from wiretapped telephone calls related to the neo-Nazi probe dating from 1998.

“The reason this fact only came to light now is apparently linked to the gross misconduct of individual staff members,” Ulbig told the state legislature.

“The president (of the Saxony state intelligence service) deeply regrets this occurrence which is why he has asked me to give him another post from August 1 of this year.”

Ulbig said he had ordered the transcripts to be reviewed and sent to federal prosecutors to aid their ongoing investigation of the murders, mainly of Turkish-born shopkeepers throughout Germany between 2000 and 2007. Boos had led the office since 2007 and also between 1999 and 2002.

It emerged in November that a far-right trio calling itself the National Socialist Underground (NSU) was likely behind the murder spree.

The case broke open only when two members of the NSU were found dead in an apparent suicide pact and the other, a woman, turned herself in.

Investigators initially suspected criminal elements from the Turkish community were behind the rash of killings in a probe marked by repeated missteps and allegations of a cover-up.

A parliamentary committee is investigating the affair and the German government has pledged a root-and-branch reform of the security services.

Find this story at 11 July 2012

Published: 11 Jul 12 15:23 CET
Online: http://www.thelocal.de/national/20120711-43699.html

AFP/The Local/bk